from __future__ import annotations

import chess
import struct
import os
import mmap
import random
import typing

from types import TracebackType
from typing import Callable, Container, Iterator, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Type, Union


StrOrBytesPath = Union[str, bytes, "os.PathLike[str]", "os.PathLike[bytes]"]


ENTRY_STRUCT = struct.Struct(">QHHI")


POLYGLOT_RANDOM_ARRAY = [
    0x9D39247E33776D41, 0x2AF7398005AAA5C7, 0x44DB015024623547, 0x9C15F73E62A76AE2,
    0x75834465489C0C89, 0x3290AC3A203001BF, 0x0FBBAD1F61042279, 0xE83A908FF2FB60CA,
    0x0D7E765D58755C10, 0x1A083822CEAFE02D, 0x9605D5F0E25EC3B0, 0xD021FF5CD13A2ED5,
    0x40BDF15D4A672E32, 0x011355146FD56395, 0x5DB4832046F3D9E5, 0x239F8B2D7FF719CC,
    0x05D1A1AE85B49AA1, 0x679F848F6E8FC971, 0x7449BBFF801FED0B, 0x7D11CDB1C3B7ADF0,
    0x82C7709E781EB7CC, 0xF3218F1C9510786C, 0x331478F3AF51BBE6, 0x4BB38DE5E7219443,
    0xAA649C6EBCFD50FC, 0x8DBD98A352AFD40B, 0x87D2074B81D79217, 0x19F3C751D3E92AE1,
    0xB4AB30F062B19ABF, 0x7B0500AC42047AC4, 0xC9452CA81A09D85D, 0x24AA6C514DA27500,
    0x4C9F34427501B447, 0x14A68FD73C910841, 0xA71B9B83461CBD93, 0x03488B95B0F1850F,
    0x637B2B34FF93C040, 0x09D1BC9A3DD90A94, 0x3575668334A1DD3B, 0x735E2B97A4C45A23,
    0x18727070F1BD400B, 0x1FCBACD259BF02E7, 0xD310A7C2CE9B6555, 0xBF983FE0FE5D8244,
    0x9F74D14F7454A824, 0x51EBDC4AB9BA3035, 0x5C82C505DB9AB0FA, 0xFCF7FE8A3430B241,
    0x3253A729B9BA3DDE, 0x8C74C368081B3075, 0xB9BC6C87167C33E7, 0x7EF48F2B83024E20,
    0x11D505D4C351BD7F, 0x6568FCA92C76A243, 0x4DE0B0F40F32A7B8, 0x96D693460CC37E5D,
    0x42E240CB63689F2F, 0x6D2BDCDAE2919661, 0x42880B0236E4D951, 0x5F0F4A5898171BB6,
    0x39F890F579F92F88, 0x93C5B5F47356388B, 0x63DC359D8D231B78, 0xEC16CA8AEA98AD76,
    0x5355F900C2A82DC7, 0x07FB9F855A997142, 0x5093417AA8A7ED5E, 0x7BCBC38DA25A7F3C,
    0x19FC8A768CF4B6D4, 0x637A7780DECFC0D9, 0x8249A47AEE0E41F7, 0x79AD695501E7D1E8,
    0x14ACBAF4777D5776, 0xF145B6BECCDEA195, 0xDABF2AC8201752FC, 0x24C3C94DF9C8D3F6,
    0xBB6E2924F03912EA, 0x0CE26C0B95C980D9, 0xA49CD132BFBF7CC4, 0xE99D662AF4243939,
    0x27E6AD7891165C3F, 0x8535F040B9744FF1, 0x54B3F4FA5F40D873, 0x72B12C32127FED2B,
    0xEE954D3C7B411F47, 0x9A85AC909A24EAA1, 0x70AC4CD9F04F21F5, 0xF9B89D3E99A075C2,
    0x87B3E2B2B5C907B1, 0xA366E5B8C54F48B8, 0xAE4A9346CC3F7CF2, 0x1920C04D47267BBD,
    0x87BF02C6B49E2AE9, 0x092237AC237F3859, 0xFF07F64EF8ED14D0, 0x8DE8DCA9F03CC54E,
    0x9C1633264DB49C89, 0xB3F22C3D0B0B38ED, 0x390E5FB44D01144B, 0x5BFEA5B4712768E9,
    0x1E1032911FA78984, 0x9A74ACB964E78CB3, 0x4F80F7A035DAFB04, 0x6304D09A0B3738C4,
    0x2171E64683023A08, 0x5B9B63EB9CEFF80C, 0x506AACF489889342, 0x1881AFC9A3A701D6,
    0x6503080440750644, 0xDFD395339CDBF4A7, 0xEF927DBCF00C20F2, 0x7B32F7D1E03680EC,
    0xB9FD7620E7316243, 0x05A7E8A57DB91B77, 0xB5889C6E15630A75, 0x4A750A09CE9573F7,
    0xCF464CEC899A2F8A, 0xF538639CE705B824, 0x3C79A0FF5580EF7F, 0xEDE6C87F8477609D,
    0x799E81F05BC93F31, 0x86536B8CF3428A8C, 0x97D7374C60087B73, 0xA246637CFF328532,
    0x043FCAE60CC0EBA0, 0x920E449535DD359E, 0x70EB093B15B290CC, 0x73A1921916591CBD,
    0x56436C9FE1A1AA8D, 0xEFAC4B70633B8F81, 0xBB215798D45DF7AF, 0x45F20042F24F1768,
    0x930F80F4E8EB7462, 0xFF6712FFCFD75EA1, 0xAE623FD67468AA70, 0xDD2C5BC84BC8D8FC,
    0x7EED120D54CF2DD9, 0x22FE545401165F1C, 0xC91800E98FB99929, 0x808BD68E6AC10365,
    0xDEC468145B7605F6, 0x1BEDE3A3AEF53302, 0x43539603D6C55602, 0xAA969B5C691CCB7A,
    0xA87832D392EFEE56, 0x65942C7B3C7E11AE, 0xDED2D633CAD004F6, 0x21F08570F420E565,
    0xB415938D7DA94E3C, 0x91B859E59ECB6350, 0x10CFF333E0ED804A, 0x28AED140BE0BB7DD,
    0xC5CC1D89724FA456, 0x5648F680F11A2741, 0x2D255069F0B7DAB3, 0x9BC5A38EF729ABD4,
    0xEF2F054308F6A2BC, 0xAF2042F5CC5C2858, 0x480412BAB7F5BE2A, 0xAEF3AF4A563DFE43,
    0x19AFE59AE451497F, 0x52593803DFF1E840, 0xF4F076E65F2CE6F0, 0x11379625747D5AF3,
    0xBCE5D2248682C115, 0x9DA4243DE836994F, 0x066F70B33FE09017, 0x4DC4DE189B671A1C,
    0x51039AB7712457C3, 0xC07A3F80C31FB4B4, 0xB46EE9C5E64A6E7C, 0xB3819A42ABE61C87,
    0x21A007933A522A20, 0x2DF16F761598AA4F, 0x763C4A1371B368FD, 0xF793C46702E086A0,
    0xD7288E012AEB8D31, 0xDE336A2A4BC1C44B, 0x0BF692B38D079F23, 0x2C604A7A177326B3,
    0x4850E73E03EB6064, 0xCFC447F1E53C8E1B, 0xB05CA3F564268D99, 0x9AE182C8BC9474E8,
    0xA4FC4BD4FC5558CA, 0xE755178D58FC4E76, 0x69B97DB1A4C03DFE, 0xF9B5B7C4ACC67C96,
    0xFC6A82D64B8655FB, 0x9C684CB6C4D24417, 0x8EC97D2917456ED0, 0x6703DF9D2924E97E,
    0xC547F57E42A7444E, 0x78E37644E7CAD29E, 0xFE9A44E9362F05FA, 0x08BD35CC38336615,
    0x9315E5EB3A129ACE, 0x94061B871E04DF75, 0xDF1D9F9D784BA010, 0x3BBA57B68871B59D,
    0xD2B7ADEEDED1F73F, 0xF7A255D83BC373F8, 0xD7F4F2448C0CEB81, 0xD95BE88CD210FFA7,
    0x336F52F8FF4728E7, 0xA74049DAC312AC71, 0xA2F61BB6E437FDB5, 0x4F2A5CB07F6A35B3,
    0x87D380BDA5BF7859, 0x16B9F7E06C453A21, 0x7BA2484C8A0FD54E, 0xF3A678CAD9A2E38C,
    0x39B0BF7DDE437BA2, 0xFCAF55C1BF8A4424, 0x18FCF680573FA594, 0x4C0563B89F495AC3,
    0x40E087931A00930D, 0x8CFFA9412EB642C1, 0x68CA39053261169F, 0x7A1EE967D27579E2,
    0x9D1D60E5076F5B6F, 0x3810E399B6F65BA2, 0x32095B6D4AB5F9B1, 0x35CAB62109DD038A,
    0xA90B24499FCFAFB1, 0x77A225A07CC2C6BD, 0x513E5E634C70E331, 0x4361C0CA3F692F12,
    0xD941ACA44B20A45B, 0x528F7C8602C5807B, 0x52AB92BEB9613989, 0x9D1DFA2EFC557F73,
    0x722FF175F572C348, 0x1D1260A51107FE97, 0x7A249A57EC0C9BA2, 0x04208FE9E8F7F2D6,
    0x5A110C6058B920A0, 0x0CD9A497658A5698, 0x56FD23C8F9715A4C, 0x284C847B9D887AAE,
    0x04FEABFBBDB619CB, 0x742E1E651C60BA83, 0x9A9632E65904AD3C, 0x881B82A13B51B9E2,
    0x506E6744CD974924, 0xB0183DB56FFC6A79, 0x0ED9B915C66ED37E, 0x5E11E86D5873D484,
    0xF678647E3519AC6E, 0x1B85D488D0F20CC5, 0xDAB9FE6525D89021, 0x0D151D86ADB73615,
    0xA865A54EDCC0F019, 0x93C42566AEF98FFB, 0x99E7AFEABE000731, 0x48CBFF086DDF285A,
    0x7F9B6AF1EBF78BAF, 0x58627E1A149BBA21, 0x2CD16E2ABD791E33, 0xD363EFF5F0977996,
    0x0CE2A38C344A6EED, 0x1A804AADB9CFA741, 0x907F30421D78C5DE, 0x501F65EDB3034D07,
    0x37624AE5A48FA6E9, 0x957BAF61700CFF4E, 0x3A6C27934E31188A, 0xD49503536ABCA345,
    0x088E049589C432E0, 0xF943AEE7FEBF21B8, 0x6C3B8E3E336139D3, 0x364F6FFA464EE52E,
    0xD60F6DCEDC314222, 0x56963B0DCA418FC0, 0x16F50EDF91E513AF, 0xEF1955914B609F93,
    0x565601C0364E3228, 0xECB53939887E8175, 0xBAC7A9A18531294B, 0xB344C470397BBA52,
    0x65D34954DAF3CEBD, 0xB4B81B3FA97511E2, 0xB422061193D6F6A7, 0x071582401C38434D,
    0x7A13F18BBEDC4FF5, 0xBC4097B116C524D2, 0x59B97885E2F2EA28, 0x99170A5DC3115544,
    0x6F423357E7C6A9F9, 0x325928EE6E6F8794, 0xD0E4366228B03343, 0x565C31F7DE89EA27,
    0x30F5611484119414, 0xD873DB391292ED4F, 0x7BD94E1D8E17DEBC, 0xC7D9F16864A76E94,
    0x947AE053EE56E63C, 0xC8C93882F9475F5F, 0x3A9BF55BA91F81CA, 0xD9A11FBB3D9808E4,
    0x0FD22063EDC29FCA, 0xB3F256D8ACA0B0B9, 0xB03031A8B4516E84, 0x35DD37D5871448AF,
    0xE9F6082B05542E4E, 0xEBFAFA33D7254B59, 0x9255ABB50D532280, 0xB9AB4CE57F2D34F3,
    0x693501D628297551, 0xC62C58F97DD949BF, 0xCD454F8F19C5126A, 0xBBE83F4ECC2BDECB,
    0xDC842B7E2819E230, 0xBA89142E007503B8, 0xA3BC941D0A5061CB, 0xE9F6760E32CD8021,
    0x09C7E552BC76492F, 0x852F54934DA55CC9, 0x8107FCCF064FCF56, 0x098954D51FFF6580,
    0x23B70EDB1955C4BF, 0xC330DE426430F69D, 0x4715ED43E8A45C0A, 0xA8D7E4DAB780A08D,
    0x0572B974F03CE0BB, 0xB57D2E985E1419C7, 0xE8D9ECBE2CF3D73F, 0x2FE4B17170E59750,
    0x11317BA87905E790, 0x7FBF21EC8A1F45EC, 0x1725CABFCB045B00, 0x964E915CD5E2B207,
    0x3E2B8BCBF016D66D, 0xBE7444E39328A0AC, 0xF85B2B4FBCDE44B7, 0x49353FEA39BA63B1,
    0x1DD01AAFCD53486A, 0x1FCA8A92FD719F85, 0xFC7C95D827357AFA, 0x18A6A990C8B35EBD,
    0xCCCB7005C6B9C28D, 0x3BDBB92C43B17F26, 0xAA70B5B4F89695A2, 0xE94C39A54A98307F,
    0xB7A0B174CFF6F36E, 0xD4DBA84729AF48AD, 0x2E18BC1AD9704A68, 0x2DE0966DAF2F8B1C,
    0xB9C11D5B1E43A07E, 0x64972D68DEE33360, 0x94628D38D0C20584, 0xDBC0D2B6AB90A559,
    0xD2733C4335C6A72F, 0x7E75D99D94A70F4D, 0x6CED1983376FA72B, 0x97FCAACBF030BC24,
    0x7B77497B32503B12, 0x8547EDDFB81CCB94, 0x79999CDFF70902CB, 0xCFFE1939438E9B24,
    0x829626E3892D95D7, 0x92FAE24291F2B3F1, 0x63E22C147B9C3403, 0xC678B6D860284A1C,
    0x5873888850659AE7, 0x0981DCD296A8736D, 0x9F65789A6509A440, 0x9FF38FED72E9052F,
    0xE479EE5B9930578C, 0xE7F28ECD2D49EECD, 0x56C074A581EA17FE, 0x5544F7D774B14AEF,
    0x7B3F0195FC6F290F, 0x12153635B2C0CF57, 0x7F5126DBBA5E0CA7, 0x7A76956C3EAFB413,
    0x3D5774A11D31AB39, 0x8A1B083821F40CB4, 0x7B4A38E32537DF62, 0x950113646D1D6E03,
    0x4DA8979A0041E8A9, 0x3BC36E078F7515D7, 0x5D0A12F27AD310D1, 0x7F9D1A2E1EBE1327,
    0xDA3A361B1C5157B1, 0xDCDD7D20903D0C25, 0x36833336D068F707, 0xCE68341F79893389,
    0xAB9090168DD05F34, 0x43954B3252DC25E5, 0xB438C2B67F98E5E9, 0x10DCD78E3851A492,
    0xDBC27AB5447822BF, 0x9B3CDB65F82CA382, 0xB67B7896167B4C84, 0xBFCED1B0048EAC50,
    0xA9119B60369FFEBD, 0x1FFF7AC80904BF45, 0xAC12FB171817EEE7, 0xAF08DA9177DDA93D,
    0x1B0CAB936E65C744, 0xB559EB1D04E5E932, 0xC37B45B3F8D6F2BA, 0xC3A9DC228CAAC9E9,
    0xF3B8B6675A6507FF, 0x9FC477DE4ED681DA, 0x67378D8ECCEF96CB, 0x6DD856D94D259236,
    0xA319CE15B0B4DB31, 0x073973751F12DD5E, 0x8A8E849EB32781A5, 0xE1925C71285279F5,
    0x74C04BF1790C0EFE, 0x4DDA48153C94938A, 0x9D266D6A1CC0542C, 0x7440FB816508C4FE,
    0x13328503DF48229F, 0xD6BF7BAEE43CAC40, 0x4838D65F6EF6748F, 0x1E152328F3318DEA,
    0x8F8419A348F296BF, 0x72C8834A5957B511, 0xD7A023A73260B45C, 0x94EBC8ABCFB56DAE,
    0x9FC10D0F989993E0, 0xDE68A2355B93CAE6, 0xA44CFE79AE538BBE, 0x9D1D84FCCE371425,
    0x51D2B1AB2DDFB636, 0x2FD7E4B9E72CD38C, 0x65CA5B96B7552210, 0xDD69A0D8AB3B546D,
    0x604D51B25FBF70E2, 0x73AA8A564FB7AC9E, 0x1A8C1E992B941148, 0xAAC40A2703D9BEA0,
    0x764DBEAE7FA4F3A6, 0x1E99B96E70A9BE8B, 0x2C5E9DEB57EF4743, 0x3A938FEE32D29981,
    0x26E6DB8FFDF5ADFE, 0x469356C504EC9F9D, 0xC8763C5B08D1908C, 0x3F6C6AF859D80055,
    0x7F7CC39420A3A545, 0x9BFB227EBDF4C5CE, 0x89039D79D6FC5C5C, 0x8FE88B57305E2AB6,
    0xA09E8C8C35AB96DE, 0xFA7E393983325753, 0xD6B6D0ECC617C699, 0xDFEA21EA9E7557E3,
    0xB67C1FA481680AF8, 0xCA1E3785A9E724E5, 0x1CFC8BED0D681639, 0xD18D8549D140CAEA,
    0x4ED0FE7E9DC91335, 0xE4DBF0634473F5D2, 0x1761F93A44D5AEFE, 0x53898E4C3910DA55,
    0x734DE8181F6EC39A, 0x2680B122BAA28D97, 0x298AF231C85BAFAB, 0x7983EED3740847D5,
    0x66C1A2A1A60CD889, 0x9E17E49642A3E4C1, 0xEDB454E7BADC0805, 0x50B704CAB602C329,
    0x4CC317FB9CDDD023, 0x66B4835D9EAFEA22, 0x219B97E26FFC81BD, 0x261E4E4C0A333A9D,
    0x1FE2CCA76517DB90, 0xD7504DFA8816EDBB, 0xB9571FA04DC089C8, 0x1DDC0325259B27DE,
    0xCF3F4688801EB9AA, 0xF4F5D05C10CAB243, 0x38B6525C21A42B0E, 0x36F60E2BA4FA6800,
    0xEB3593803173E0CE, 0x9C4CD6257C5A3603, 0xAF0C317D32ADAA8A, 0x258E5A80C7204C4B,
    0x8B889D624D44885D, 0xF4D14597E660F855, 0xD4347F66EC8941C3, 0xE699ED85B0DFB40D,
    0x2472F6207C2D0484, 0xC2A1E7B5B459AEB5, 0xAB4F6451CC1D45EC, 0x63767572AE3D6174,
    0xA59E0BD101731A28, 0x116D0016CB948F09, 0x2CF9C8CA052F6E9F, 0x0B090A7560A968E3,
    0xABEEDDB2DDE06FF1, 0x58EFC10B06A2068D, 0xC6E57A78FBD986E0, 0x2EAB8CA63CE802D7,
    0x14A195640116F336, 0x7C0828DD624EC390, 0xD74BBE77E6116AC7, 0x804456AF10F5FB53,
    0xEBE9EA2ADF4321C7, 0x03219A39EE587A30, 0x49787FEF17AF9924, 0xA1E9300CD8520548,
    0x5B45E522E4B1B4EF, 0xB49C3B3995091A36, 0xD4490AD526F14431, 0x12A8F216AF9418C2,
    0x001F837CC7350524, 0x1877B51E57A764D5, 0xA2853B80F17F58EE, 0x993E1DE72D36D310,
    0xB3598080CE64A656, 0x252F59CF0D9F04BB, 0xD23C8E176D113600, 0x1BDA0492E7E4586E,
    0x21E0BD5026C619BF, 0x3B097ADAF088F94E, 0x8D14DEDB30BE846E, 0xF95CFFA23AF5F6F4,
    0x3871700761B3F743, 0xCA672B91E9E4FA16, 0x64C8E531BFF53B55, 0x241260ED4AD1E87D,
    0x106C09B972D2E822, 0x7FBA195410E5CA30, 0x7884D9BC6CB569D8, 0x0647DFEDCD894A29,
    0x63573FF03E224774, 0x4FC8E9560F91B123, 0x1DB956E450275779, 0xB8D91274B9E9D4FB,
    0xA2EBEE47E2FBFCE1, 0xD9F1F30CCD97FB09, 0xEFED53D75FD64E6B, 0x2E6D02C36017F67F,
    0xA9AA4D20DB084E9B, 0xB64BE8D8B25396C1, 0x70CB6AF7C2D5BCF0, 0x98F076A4F7A2322E,
    0xBF84470805E69B5F, 0x94C3251F06F90CF3, 0x3E003E616A6591E9, 0xB925A6CD0421AFF3,
    0x61BDD1307C66E300, 0xBF8D5108E27E0D48, 0x240AB57A8B888B20, 0xFC87614BAF287E07,
    0xEF02CDD06FFDB432, 0xA1082C0466DF6C0A, 0x8215E577001332C8, 0xD39BB9C3A48DB6CF,
    0x2738259634305C14, 0x61CF4F94C97DF93D, 0x1B6BACA2AE4E125B, 0x758F450C88572E0B,
    0x959F587D507A8359, 0xB063E962E045F54D, 0x60E8ED72C0DFF5D1, 0x7B64978555326F9F,
    0xFD080D236DA814BA, 0x8C90FD9B083F4558, 0x106F72FE81E2C590, 0x7976033A39F7D952,
    0xA4EC0132764CA04B, 0x733EA705FAE4FA77, 0xB4D8F77BC3E56167, 0x9E21F4F903B33FD9,
    0x9D765E419FB69F6D, 0xD30C088BA61EA5EF, 0x5D94337FBFAF7F5B, 0x1A4E4822EB4D7A59,
    0x6FFE73E81B637FB3, 0xDDF957BC36D8B9CA, 0x64D0E29EEA8838B3, 0x08DD9BDFD96B9F63,
    0x087E79E5A57D1D13, 0xE328E230E3E2B3FB, 0x1C2559E30F0946BE, 0x720BF5F26F4D2EAA,
    0xB0774D261CC609DB, 0x443F64EC5A371195, 0x4112CF68649A260E, 0xD813F2FAB7F5C5CA,
    0x660D3257380841EE, 0x59AC2C7873F910A3, 0xE846963877671A17, 0x93B633ABFA3469F8,
    0xC0C0F5A60EF4CDCF, 0xCAF21ECD4377B28C, 0x57277707199B8175, 0x506C11B9D90E8B1D,
    0xD83CC2687A19255F, 0x4A29C6465A314CD1, 0xED2DF21216235097, 0xB5635C95FF7296E2,
    0x22AF003AB672E811, 0x52E762596BF68235, 0x9AEBA33AC6ECC6B0, 0x944F6DE09134DFB6,
    0x6C47BEC883A7DE39, 0x6AD047C430A12104, 0xA5B1CFDBA0AB4067, 0x7C45D833AFF07862,
    0x5092EF950A16DA0B, 0x9338E69C052B8E7B, 0x455A4B4CFE30E3F5, 0x6B02E63195AD0CF8,
    0x6B17B224BAD6BF27, 0xD1E0CCD25BB9C169, 0xDE0C89A556B9AE70, 0x50065E535A213CF6,
    0x9C1169FA2777B874, 0x78EDEFD694AF1EED, 0x6DC93D9526A50E68, 0xEE97F453F06791ED,
    0x32AB0EDB696703D3, 0x3A6853C7E70757A7, 0x31865CED6120F37D, 0x67FEF95D92607890,
    0x1F2B1D1F15F6DC9C, 0xB69E38A8965C6B65, 0xAA9119FF184CCCF4, 0xF43C732873F24C13,
    0xFB4A3D794A9A80D2, 0x3550C2321FD6109C, 0x371F77E76BB8417E, 0x6BFA9AAE5EC05779,
    0xCD04F3FF001A4778, 0xE3273522064480CA, 0x9F91508BFFCFC14A, 0x049A7F41061A9E60,
    0xFCB6BE43A9F2FE9B, 0x08DE8A1C7797DA9B, 0x8F9887E6078735A1, 0xB5B4071DBFC73A66,
    0x230E343DFBA08D33, 0x43ED7F5A0FAE657D, 0x3A88A0FBBCB05C63, 0x21874B8B4D2DBC4F,
    0x1BDEA12E35F6A8C9, 0x53C065C6C8E63528, 0xE34A1D250E7A8D6B, 0xD6B04D3B7651DD7E,
    0x5E90277E7CB39E2D, 0x2C046F22062DC67D, 0xB10BB459132D0A26, 0x3FA9DDFB67E2F199,
    0x0E09B88E1914F7AF, 0x10E8B35AF3EEAB37, 0x9EEDECA8E272B933, 0xD4C718BC4AE8AE5F,
    0x81536D601170FC20, 0x91B534F885818A06, 0xEC8177F83F900978, 0x190E714FADA5156E,
    0xB592BF39B0364963, 0x89C350C893AE7DC1, 0xAC042E70F8B383F2, 0xB49B52E587A1EE60,
    0xFB152FE3FF26DA89, 0x3E666E6F69AE2C15, 0x3B544EBE544C19F9, 0xE805A1E290CF2456,
    0x24B33C9D7ED25117, 0xE74733427B72F0C1, 0x0A804D18B7097475, 0x57E3306D881EDB4F,
    0x4AE7D6A36EB5DBCB, 0x2D8D5432157064C8, 0xD1E649DE1E7F268B, 0x8A328A1CEDFE552C,
    0x07A3AEC79624C7DA, 0x84547DDC3E203C94, 0x990A98FD5071D263, 0x1A4FF12616EEFC89,
    0xF6F7FD1431714200, 0x30C05B1BA332F41C, 0x8D2636B81555A786, 0x46C9FEB55D120902,
    0xCCEC0A73B49C9921, 0x4E9D2827355FC492, 0x19EBB029435DCB0F, 0x4659D2B743848A2C,
    0x963EF2C96B33BE31, 0x74F85198B05A2E7D, 0x5A0F544DD2B1FB18, 0x03727073C2E134B1,
    0xC7F6AA2DE59AEA61, 0x352787BAA0D7C22F, 0x9853EAB63B5E0B35, 0xABBDCDD7ED5C0860,
    0xCF05DAF5AC8D77B0, 0x49CAD48CEBF4A71E, 0x7A4C10EC2158C4A6, 0xD9E92AA246BF719E,
    0x13AE978D09FE5557, 0x730499AF921549FF, 0x4E4B705B92903BA4, 0xFF577222C14F0A3A,
    0x55B6344CF97AAFAE, 0xB862225B055B6960, 0xCAC09AFBDDD2CDB4, 0xDAF8E9829FE96B5F,
    0xB5FDFC5D3132C498, 0x310CB380DB6F7503, 0xE87FBB46217A360E, 0x2102AE466EBB1148,
    0xF8549E1A3AA5E00D, 0x07A69AFDCC42261A, 0xC4C118BFE78FEAAE, 0xF9F4892ED96BD438,
    0x1AF3DBE25D8F45DA, 0xF5B4B0B0D2DEEEB4, 0x962ACEEFA82E1C84, 0x046E3ECAAF453CE9,
    0xF05D129681949A4C, 0x964781CE734B3C84, 0x9C2ED44081CE5FBD, 0x522E23F3925E319E,
    0x177E00F9FC32F791, 0x2BC60A63A6F3B3F2, 0x222BBFAE61725606, 0x486289DDCC3D6780,
    0x7DC7785B8EFDFC80, 0x8AF38731C02BA980, 0x1FAB64EA29A2DDF7, 0xE4D9429322CD065A,
    0x9DA058C67844F20C, 0x24C0E332B70019B0, 0x233003B5A6CFE6AD, 0xD586BD01C5C217F6,
    0x5E5637885F29BC2B, 0x7EBA726D8C94094B, 0x0A56A5F0BFE39272, 0xD79476A84EE20D06,
    0x9E4C1269BAA4BF37, 0x17EFEE45B0DEE640, 0x1D95B0A5FCF90BC6, 0x93CBE0B699C2585D,
    0x65FA4F227A2B6D79, 0xD5F9E858292504D5, 0xC2B5A03F71471A6F, 0x59300222B4561E00,
    0xCE2F8642CA0712DC, 0x7CA9723FBB2E8988, 0x2785338347F2BA08, 0xC61BB3A141E50E8C,
    0x150F361DAB9DEC26, 0x9F6A419D382595F4, 0x64A53DC924FE7AC9, 0x142DE49FFF7A7C3D,
    0x0C335248857FA9E7, 0x0A9C32D5EAE45305, 0xE6C42178C4BBB92E, 0x71F1CE2490D20B07,
    0xF1BCC3D275AFE51A, 0xE728E8C83C334074, 0x96FBF83A12884624, 0x81A1549FD6573DA5,
    0x5FA7867CAF35E149, 0x56986E2EF3ED091B, 0x917F1DD5F8886C61, 0xD20D8C88C8FFE65F,
    0x31D71DCE64B2C310, 0xF165B587DF898190, 0xA57E6339DD2CF3A0, 0x1EF6E6DBB1961EC9,
    0x70CC73D90BC26E24, 0xE21A6B35DF0C3AD7, 0x003A93D8B2806962, 0x1C99DED33CB890A1,
    0xCF3145DE0ADD4289, 0xD0E4427A5514FB72, 0x77C621CC9FB3A483, 0x67A34DAC4356550B,
    0xF8D626AAAF278509
]


class ZobristHasher:
    def __init__(self, array: List[int]) -> None:
        assert len(array) >= 781
        self.array = array

    def hash_board(self, board: chess.BaseBoard) -> int:
        zobrist_hash = 0

        for pivot, squares in enumerate(board.occupied_co):
            for square in chess.scan_reversed(squares):
                piece_index = (typing.cast(chess.PieceType, board.piece_type_at(square)) - 1) * 2 + pivot
                zobrist_hash ^= self.array[64 * piece_index + square]

        return zobrist_hash

    def hash_castling(self, board: chess.Board) -> int:
        zobrist_hash = 0

        # Hash in the castling flags.
        if board.has_kingside_castling_rights(chess.WHITE):
            zobrist_hash ^= self.array[768]
        if board.has_queenside_castling_rights(chess.WHITE):
            zobrist_hash ^= self.array[768 + 1]
        if board.has_kingside_castling_rights(chess.BLACK):
            zobrist_hash ^= self.array[768 + 2]
        if board.has_queenside_castling_rights(chess.BLACK):
            zobrist_hash ^= self.array[768 + 3]

        return zobrist_hash

    def hash_ep_square(self, board: chess.Board) -> int:
        # Hash in the en passant file.
        if board.ep_square:
            # But only if there's actually a pawn ready to capture it. Legality
            # of the potential capture is irrelevant.
            if board.turn == chess.WHITE:
                ep_mask = chess.shift_down(chess.BB_SQUARES[board.ep_square])
            else:
                ep_mask = chess.shift_up(chess.BB_SQUARES[board.ep_square])
            ep_mask = chess.shift_left(ep_mask) | chess.shift_right(ep_mask)

            if ep_mask & board.pawns & board.occupied_co[board.turn]:
                return self.array[772 + chess.square_file(board.ep_square)]
        return 0

    def hash_turn(self, board: chess.Board) -> int:
        # Hash in the turn.
        return self.array[780] if board.turn == chess.WHITE else 0

    def __call__(self, board: chess.Board) -> int:
        return (self.hash_board(board) ^ self.hash_castling(board) ^
                self.hash_ep_square(board) ^ self.hash_turn(board))


def zobrist_hash(board: chess.Board, *, _hasher: Callable[[chess.Board], int] = ZobristHasher(POLYGLOT_RANDOM_ARRAY)) -> int:
    """
    Calculates the Polyglot Zobrist hash of the position.

    A Zobrist hash is an XOR of pseudo-random values picked from
    an array. Which values are picked is decided by features of the
    position, such as piece positions, castling rights and en passant
    squares.
    """
    return _hasher(board)


class Entry(NamedTuple):
    """An entry from a Polyglot opening book."""

    key: int
    """The Zobrist hash of the position."""

    raw_move: int
    """
    The raw binary representation of the move. Use
    :data:`~chess.polyglot.Entry.move` instead.
    """

    weight: int
    """An integer value that can be used as the weight for this entry."""

    learn: int
    """Another integer value that can be used for extra information."""

    move: chess.Move
    """The :class:`~chess.Move`."""


class _EmptyMmap(bytearray):
    def size(self) -> int:
        return 0

    def close(self) -> None:
        pass

    def madvise(self, option: int) -> None:
        pass


def _randint(rng: Optional[random.Random], a: int, b: int) -> int:
    return random.randint(a, b) if rng is None else rng.randint(a, b)


class MemoryMappedReader:
    """Maps a Polyglot opening book to memory."""

    def __init__(self, filename: StrOrBytesPath) -> None:
        fd = os.open(filename, os.O_RDONLY | getattr(os, "O_BINARY", 0))
        try:
            self.mmap: Union[mmap.mmap, _EmptyMmap] = mmap.mmap(fd, 0, access=mmap.ACCESS_READ)
        except (ValueError, OSError):
            self.mmap = _EmptyMmap()  # Workaround for empty opening books.
        finally:
            os.close(fd)

        if self.mmap.size() % ENTRY_STRUCT.size != 0:
            raise IOError(f"invalid file size: ensure {filename!r} is a valid polyglot opening book")

        try:
            # Unix
            self.mmap.madvise(mmap.MADV_RANDOM)
        except AttributeError:
            pass

    def __enter__(self) -> MemoryMappedReader:
        return self

    def __exit__(self, exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]], exc_value: Optional[BaseException], traceback: Optional[TracebackType]) -> None:
        return self.close()

    def __len__(self) -> int:
        return self.mmap.size() // ENTRY_STRUCT.size

    def __getitem__(self, index: int) -> Entry:
        if index < 0:
            index = len(self) + index

        try:
            key, raw_move, weight, learn = ENTRY_STRUCT.unpack_from(self.mmap, index * ENTRY_STRUCT.size)
        except struct.error:
            raise IndexError()

        # Extract source and target square.
        to_square = raw_move & 0x3f
        from_square = (raw_move >> 6) & 0x3f

        # Extract the promotion type.
        promotion_part = (raw_move >> 12) & 0x7
        promotion = promotion_part + 1 if promotion_part else None

        # Piece drop.
        if from_square == to_square:
            promotion, drop = None, promotion
        else:
            drop = None

        # Entry with move (not normalized).
        move = chess.Move(from_square, to_square, promotion, drop)
        return Entry(key, raw_move, weight, learn, move)

    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[Entry]:
        for i in range(len(self)):
            yield self[i]

    def bisect_key_left(self, key: int) -> int:
        lo = 0
        hi = len(self)

        while lo < hi:
            mid = (lo + hi) // 2
            mid_key, _, _, _ = ENTRY_STRUCT.unpack_from(self.mmap, mid * ENTRY_STRUCT.size)
            if mid_key < key:
                lo = mid + 1
            else:
                hi = mid

        return lo

    def __contains__(self, entry: Entry) -> bool:
        return any(current == entry for current in self.find_all(entry.key, minimum_weight=entry.weight))

    def find_all(self, board: Union[chess.Board, int], *, minimum_weight: int = 1, exclude_moves: Container[chess.Move] = []) -> Iterator[Entry]:
        """Seeks a specific position and yields corresponding entries."""
        try:
            key = int(board)  # type: ignore
            context: Optional[chess.Board] = None
        except (TypeError, ValueError):
            context = typing.cast(chess.Board, board)
            key = zobrist_hash(context)

        i = self.bisect_key_left(key)
        size = len(self)

        while i < size:
            entry = self[i]
            i += 1

            if entry.key != key:
                break

            if entry.weight < minimum_weight:
                continue

            if context:
                move = context._from_chess960(context.chess960, entry.move.from_square, entry.move.to_square, entry.move.promotion, entry.move.drop)
                entry = Entry(entry.key, entry.raw_move, entry.weight, entry.learn, move)

            if exclude_moves and entry.move in exclude_moves:
                continue

            if context and not context.is_legal(entry.move):
                continue

            yield entry

    def find(self, board: Union[chess.Board, int], *, minimum_weight: int = 1, exclude_moves: Container[chess.Move] = []) -> Entry:
        """
        Finds the main entry for the given position or Zobrist hash.

        The main entry is the (first) entry with the highest weight.

        By default, entries with weight ``0`` are excluded. This is a common
        way to delete entries from an opening book without compacting it. Pass
        *minimum_weight* ``0`` to select all entries.

        :raises: :exc:`IndexError` if no entries are found. Use
            :func:`~chess.polyglot.MemoryMappedReader.get()` if you prefer to
            get ``None`` instead of an exception.
        """
        try:
            return max(self.find_all(board, minimum_weight=minimum_weight, exclude_moves=exclude_moves), key=lambda entry: entry.weight)
        except ValueError:
            raise IndexError()

    def get(self, board: Union[chess.Board, int], default: Optional[Entry] = None, *, minimum_weight: int = 1, exclude_moves: Container[chess.Move] = []) -> Optional[Entry]:
        try:
            return self.find(board, minimum_weight=minimum_weight, exclude_moves=exclude_moves)
        except IndexError:
            return default

    def choice(self, board: Union[chess.Board, int], *, minimum_weight: int = 1, exclude_moves: Container[chess.Move] = [], random: Optional[random.Random] = None) -> Entry:
        """
        Uniformly selects a random entry for the given position.

        :raises: :exc:`IndexError` if no entries are found.
        """
        chosen_entry = None

        for i, entry in enumerate(self.find_all(board, minimum_weight=minimum_weight, exclude_moves=exclude_moves)):
            if chosen_entry is None or _randint(random, 0, i) == i:
                chosen_entry = entry

        if chosen_entry is None:
            raise IndexError()

        return chosen_entry

    def weighted_choice(self, board: Union[chess.Board, int], *, exclude_moves: Container[chess.Move] = [], random: Optional[random.Random] = None) -> Entry:
        """
        Selects a random entry for the given position, distributed by the
        weights of the entries.

        :raises: :exc:`IndexError` if no entries are found.
        """
        total_weights = sum(entry.weight for entry in self.find_all(board, exclude_moves=exclude_moves))
        if not total_weights:
            raise IndexError()

        choice = _randint(random, 0, total_weights - 1)

        current_sum = 0
        for entry in self.find_all(board, exclude_moves=exclude_moves):
            current_sum += entry.weight
            if current_sum > choice:
                return entry

        assert False

    def close(self) -> None:
        """Closes the reader."""
        self.mmap.close()


def open_reader(path: StrOrBytesPath) -> MemoryMappedReader:
    """
    Creates a reader for the file at the given path.

    The following example opens a book to find all entries for the start
    position:

    >>> import chess
    >>> import chess.polyglot
    >>>
    >>> board = chess.Board()
    >>>
    >>> with chess.polyglot.open_reader("data/polyglot/performance.bin") as reader:
    ...    for entry in reader.find_all(board):
    ...        print(entry.move, entry.weight, entry.learn)
    e2e4 1 0
    d2d4 1 0
    c2c4 1 0
    """
    return MemoryMappedReader(path)
